Getting to know about the culture of Bali
Of the many islands scattered in the archipelago, Bali is the island's most famous, known even better than Indonesia itself. The question "which side of Bali, the Indonesian state?" Although impressed as a 'joke', but that's the reality. With an area of only 5,561 km2, or 0.3 percent of the total area of the country, Bali is one of the smallest provinces in Indonesia. Civilization noted that Bali has an incredible microcosm, special epitome of nature, history, literature, legend, religion, art, architecture and the human itself.
In the west, separated by the Java Bali by Bali Strait and to the east, separated by the Strait of Lombok island of Lombok. The island is located above two tectonic plates overlap, and is dominated by a series of volcanic peaks with an altitude above 2,000 meters. Gunung Agung-still active, with an altitude of 3,140 meters-is the highest.
Bali is also the last of the chain of tropical islands ranks of the imaginary line that marks the separation of ecological zones Asialis and Australasia. In the east, along the Lombok Strait that separates the island of Bali to Lombok Island, supposedly there is an imaginary line that distinguishes the flora and fauna of the sub-tropical changed to diverse flora and fauna of Australasia. On one side of a lush green land, on the other hand brown soil; on the one hand there are monkeys and squirrels, on the other hand there are dragons and cockatoos.
Australasia imaginary line dividing the Asialis is Wallace line between Borneo and Sulaweis; between Bali in the west and Lombok to the east. But this line then slightly corrected and shifted to the mainland island of Sulawesi by Weber; Weber line.
Island of the Gods is dissected by rivers, canals, and is also heavily forested canyons. Valley and hill colored expanse of paddy. The tip of the beautiful beaches, the lakes that fill the rest of the crater. The natural landscape of the island shows a place that almost blends fantasy with reality. Instead of humans, gods was definitely consider it paradise.
The total population of Bali reaching over three million people, covering elements of the Hindu majority and minority elements of the Bali Aga. The latter is often regarded as the original inhabitants of Bali; their minority status is a result of the migration of Java since the 10th century. Now small groups Bali Aga people can be found mainly in the eastern part of the island.
In the 15th century AD, when the Majapahit empire was defeated by the forces of the Islamic kingdom of Demak, hundreds of Javanese-Hindu from various groups; nobles, scholars, clergy, artists, and ordinary people who notabennya faithful Majapahit then busy to flee to the island of Bali.
Religious, Belief Systems
Balinese belief is a complex phenomenon which is based on various aspects; Hinduism, Shiva, Buda and combined with ancestral traditions. Hence the worship of spirits, ancestors, and elements of nature combined with Hindu teachings. In some cases, traditional ceremonies and religious rituals there are differences from one region to another.
Most of the people of Bali, almost 95%, Hindu, although the syncretic Hindu-shaped; Hindu-Bali or sometimes also called Hindu Dharma.
One of the important ceremonies in Bali is ashing. During this ceremony takes place, gamelan, dance, and offerings accompany the procession with a "tower decorated" paraded from the funeral home to the ashing. Indigenous complex has been somewhat eroded by the passage of time, although it still serves as a tourist attraction.
In the realm of belief Bali, mountain Meru Mahameru or have special status. Mahameru describe the significance as the core of life; from where the Gods regulate life on Earth. Mount as the cosmos even become the dominant element in confidence and their architecture.
An important part of religious rituals associated with the mountain in Bali, is a ceremony at the Mount Agung, the highest mountain and regarded as the "center of the earth '. At the foot of Mount Agung are Besakih. In addition to the celebration and the annual ceremony organized by the religious calendar, in this temple also held a ceremony for the purification of the universe called Eka Dasa Rudra, every 100 years.
Cosmology and symbolism of the mountain in Bali architecture can be seen in the shape and structure of the temple architecture or characteristics that resemble gate tower there are grooved to resemble a pyramid separate the two parts and describes the two parts of the mountain, the other part of Mount Agung and Mount Batur embodiment.
Other common symbol is Meru; tens or even hundreds of buildings such as the pagoda was standing in holy places, and in the courtyard of the temple. Banguan founded on a rock layer that has a series of overlapping shape resembles a pyramid roof was covered by a black palm leaves. Number eleven, the amount of which is determined on the basis of confidence associated with the order of the universe.
Beliefs, ceremonies, and celebrations has guided the lives of the Balinese from since birth to form alloys that reflect the cultural character of the society. Religious regulations not only binds the form of the temple and the temple, but also organize village spatial structure of the house, and a series of rights and responsibilities in their lives on this Earth; from eating until bedtime, from walking to speak.
Social Life and Culture
Village is kind of the main settlements in Bali. Each village is inhabited by 200 to several thousand people. Around a central square in the village are Kuren, a collection of family homes is limited by high walls. Each Kuren populated several families who pray, cook, and eat together. Pitch village center is a gathering place for villagers to use it for cultural activities, meetings, socializing, and so on.
The people of Bali are classified into two kinds, the first-dynasty-based on a descent, which every person is born as nobles or sudra (also known as Jaba, which literally means the vast palace). Nobility, next divided into three castes, the priests (brahmins) nobles ruling (satriya) and soldiers (wesya). Most of the population of Bali is sudra.
The second social bookmarks based on a person's residence with the train system is the backbone of this order. In each village, there may be more than one row, each row includes members around the village environment. This system is centered on man and every man of Bali are required to be members of a banjo, being female is prohibited. In each row, a member elected as the Chairman and gets at least some gain additional privileges such as rice during certain celebrations. Actually, banjo act as a cooperative, complete with mutual funds, and even ownership of rice together.
Although struggling with the blow of globalization and rapid information, distinctive culture that has long been rooted in Bali masarakat remain sturdy as their hallmark. Possible changes to occur, but they seem to be able to sync them back, some of the characteristics and the Balinese way in social life and its Cultural as follows:
Jatakarma Samskara (Birth ceremony). Various arrangements should be made to welcome the birth of a baby, even starting from the preparation of much time since the baby still in the womb. A series of prohibitions for women who are pregnant for example: should not eat foods that are fresh bloody; not allowed to eat the flesh of oxen or pigs; Do not see blood or injured person; should not look at the person who died; encouraged to stay home with the baby's birth purification ceremony that will run normally.
The father of the baby should be able to attend the birth of the baby and accompany his wife. When the baby is born, first, when the baby is born, the father was the one who had to cut the umbilical cord using a bamboo knife. Placenta was then stored and later must be looped around the neck of the baby. On day 21 after birth, the baby will be dressed in garments, such as; bracelets of silver or gold in accordance with the existing capabilities and custom.
Mepandes (ceremony Cut Dental). The ceremony in the transition from children towards adults run by the people of Bali is a tooth filing ceremony or mepandes, namely filing and leveling tooth-shaped upper canines. The goal is to reduce the evil nature or bad (sad Ripu). Mepandes implemented by a sangging as direct implementers accompanied by a Pandita (Pinandita).
Pawiwahan (marriage ceremony). Other transition ceremony is a wedding or Pawiwahan. Pawiwahan for Bali is the testimony in front of Sang Hyang Widi and also to the public that the two people who are going to get married (the bride) have committed themselves as husband and wife.
In the implementation of this marriage, will first have been a good day, in accordance with its requirements, ala-Ayuning adults. The Balinese have their own way of calculating the day and date fits well with their pertanggalan, generally the day and a good time is calculated by an expert who understands timing in Bali dating system. Almost all people still know the Balinese calendar system because they are still in daily use Balinese calendar.
The place to perform marriages can be done at home the bride or worthy men in accordance with local customs law-village, kala, patra) -which implementation is led by a Pastor (Pinandita), Wasi and or Stakeholder.
Cremation (ceremony of Death). Cremation is a funeral ceremony in the community of Bali which is done by cremation. Cremation is a series of wheel end human life on Earth. According to Hinduism, the spirit is immortal (perpetual), after residing in the human body, when the man was pronounced dead, the spirit will be reincarnated. But first, the spirit will first pass through a phase in nirvana to be purified; according to the record of life here on earth (karma). Cremation is the process of purification of the spirit of the sins of the past.
Therefore, the Balinese do not consider death as the end of everything, death is part of a new phase of life. As stated in the Bhagavadgita, "the end of keidupan is death and death is the beginning of life".
Arts and crafts
Music, dance, and sculpture are three areas of concentration of the arts at the center of artistic creativity exploration community. Bali is the birthplace of one of the amazing variety of gamelan. In the culture of Bali, gamelan is very important for the social-cultural activities, and religious. Currently there are at least 20 different ensembles jeneis in Bali. Most closely related to the performing arts; the other to accompany religious ceremonies and customs.
Balinese gamelan buzzing sound in the entire island of Bali; in the temple, in towns, villages, squares, markets, castles up to the world stage platforms. Gamelan accompanied by other instruments such as gongs, c saron, eng-bell, xylophone, etc. The composition of gamelan instruments can be changed according to region and type of show-performances were held.
In addition to music, Balinese dances are art performances attract attention. Balinese dance is not always have the groove. The main purpose is to conduct every stage dancers move with full expression. Beauty mainly lies in the visual effects and motion Noetic kinesthetic and stylized. Some of the best examples of Noetic or abstract dance is Pendet, Gabor Dance, Line Dance, Dance Trance and Dance Legong.
In Bali there are many different types of dances with different functions such as for religious ceremonies, welcoming guests, drama or musical performances, and much more. Pendet, Gabor, Line, and Sanghyang plays an important role in religious activities and classified sacred dances (guardian) or a dance ceremony, while Legong danced in the event that does not have to do with religion. These dances are accompanied by gamelan gong pelog-kebyar- with different composition and arrangement of you.
Pendet and Dance Gabor is a welcome dance, an expression of joy, happiness, and gratitude through the beautiful and gentle motion. This dance is performed by a pair or a group of dancers. Paa past, both Brazilians dance this dance that was held at the temple to welcome and worship the gods who dwell in the temple during the ceremony temple ceremony.
Legong is often regarded as a symbol of the beauty of Bali. Characteristic of this dance are the dancers bring a fan. Legongi dance beauty lies in the harmonious relationship between dancers and musicians.
Gamelan accompany Legong Gamelan Semar is Pagulingan. Some play is commonly performed in Legong rooted in folklore milsanya Malat story that delves into King Lasem, Kuntir story that delves Jobog Vali and Sugriva, the story of Brahma Vishnu when looking for a tip and base Lingganya Shiva, and so forth.
In addition Pendet dance, Gabor Dance, Line Dance, Dance Trance and Legong Dance, dance Equally famous is the Kecak dance, dance also Jauk.
Answers and Challenges
Richness and beauty of Balinese culture, has inherited quite well and preserved by future generations. It is of course a great answer for other regions in Indonesia. Synergize modern life without setting aside local knowledge into the national identity.
Other things that can be the answer of Bali is their vision that inspires every soul to love and glorify their own culture without shame. Bali human creativity in areas such as: engineering sculpture, dance, architecture, music and a variety of other artistic expression, with the confidence they show before the world.
Despite promising tourism as an economic driver, but in recent decades has been slowly but surely cause some problems, especially in the form of environmental degradation, erosion of tradition, inflation, and an increase in crime. Bali even become a gateway for things that are "dangerous". It is a challenge bali, both now and in the future.
In the west, separated by the Java Bali by Bali Strait and to the east, separated by the Strait of Lombok island of Lombok. The island is located above two tectonic plates overlap, and is dominated by a series of volcanic peaks with an altitude above 2,000 meters. Gunung Agung-still active, with an altitude of 3,140 meters-is the highest.
Bali is also the last of the chain of tropical islands ranks of the imaginary line that marks the separation of ecological zones Asialis and Australasia. In the east, along the Lombok Strait that separates the island of Bali to Lombok Island, supposedly there is an imaginary line that distinguishes the flora and fauna of the sub-tropical changed to diverse flora and fauna of Australasia. On one side of a lush green land, on the other hand brown soil; on the one hand there are monkeys and squirrels, on the other hand there are dragons and cockatoos.
Australasia imaginary line dividing the Asialis is Wallace line between Borneo and Sulaweis; between Bali in the west and Lombok to the east. But this line then slightly corrected and shifted to the mainland island of Sulawesi by Weber; Weber line.
Island of the Gods is dissected by rivers, canals, and is also heavily forested canyons. Valley and hill colored expanse of paddy. The tip of the beautiful beaches, the lakes that fill the rest of the crater. The natural landscape of the island shows a place that almost blends fantasy with reality. Instead of humans, gods was definitely consider it paradise.
The total population of Bali reaching over three million people, covering elements of the Hindu majority and minority elements of the Bali Aga. The latter is often regarded as the original inhabitants of Bali; their minority status is a result of the migration of Java since the 10th century. Now small groups Bali Aga people can be found mainly in the eastern part of the island.
In the 15th century AD, when the Majapahit empire was defeated by the forces of the Islamic kingdom of Demak, hundreds of Javanese-Hindu from various groups; nobles, scholars, clergy, artists, and ordinary people who notabennya faithful Majapahit then busy to flee to the island of Bali.
Religious, Belief Systems
Balinese belief is a complex phenomenon which is based on various aspects; Hinduism, Shiva, Buda and combined with ancestral traditions. Hence the worship of spirits, ancestors, and elements of nature combined with Hindu teachings. In some cases, traditional ceremonies and religious rituals there are differences from one region to another.
Most of the people of Bali, almost 95%, Hindu, although the syncretic Hindu-shaped; Hindu-Bali or sometimes also called Hindu Dharma.
One of the important ceremonies in Bali is ashing. During this ceremony takes place, gamelan, dance, and offerings accompany the procession with a "tower decorated" paraded from the funeral home to the ashing. Indigenous complex has been somewhat eroded by the passage of time, although it still serves as a tourist attraction.
In the realm of belief Bali, mountain Meru Mahameru or have special status. Mahameru describe the significance as the core of life; from where the Gods regulate life on Earth. Mount as the cosmos even become the dominant element in confidence and their architecture.
An important part of religious rituals associated with the mountain in Bali, is a ceremony at the Mount Agung, the highest mountain and regarded as the "center of the earth '. At the foot of Mount Agung are Besakih. In addition to the celebration and the annual ceremony organized by the religious calendar, in this temple also held a ceremony for the purification of the universe called Eka Dasa Rudra, every 100 years.
Cosmology and symbolism of the mountain in Bali architecture can be seen in the shape and structure of the temple architecture or characteristics that resemble gate tower there are grooved to resemble a pyramid separate the two parts and describes the two parts of the mountain, the other part of Mount Agung and Mount Batur embodiment.
Other common symbol is Meru; tens or even hundreds of buildings such as the pagoda was standing in holy places, and in the courtyard of the temple. Banguan founded on a rock layer that has a series of overlapping shape resembles a pyramid roof was covered by a black palm leaves. Number eleven, the amount of which is determined on the basis of confidence associated with the order of the universe.
Beliefs, ceremonies, and celebrations has guided the lives of the Balinese from since birth to form alloys that reflect the cultural character of the society. Religious regulations not only binds the form of the temple and the temple, but also organize village spatial structure of the house, and a series of rights and responsibilities in their lives on this Earth; from eating until bedtime, from walking to speak.
Social Life and Culture
Village is kind of the main settlements in Bali. Each village is inhabited by 200 to several thousand people. Around a central square in the village are Kuren, a collection of family homes is limited by high walls. Each Kuren populated several families who pray, cook, and eat together. Pitch village center is a gathering place for villagers to use it for cultural activities, meetings, socializing, and so on.
The people of Bali are classified into two kinds, the first-dynasty-based on a descent, which every person is born as nobles or sudra (also known as Jaba, which literally means the vast palace). Nobility, next divided into three castes, the priests (brahmins) nobles ruling (satriya) and soldiers (wesya). Most of the population of Bali is sudra.
The second social bookmarks based on a person's residence with the train system is the backbone of this order. In each village, there may be more than one row, each row includes members around the village environment. This system is centered on man and every man of Bali are required to be members of a banjo, being female is prohibited. In each row, a member elected as the Chairman and gets at least some gain additional privileges such as rice during certain celebrations. Actually, banjo act as a cooperative, complete with mutual funds, and even ownership of rice together.
Although struggling with the blow of globalization and rapid information, distinctive culture that has long been rooted in Bali masarakat remain sturdy as their hallmark. Possible changes to occur, but they seem to be able to sync them back, some of the characteristics and the Balinese way in social life and its Cultural as follows:
Jatakarma Samskara (Birth ceremony). Various arrangements should be made to welcome the birth of a baby, even starting from the preparation of much time since the baby still in the womb. A series of prohibitions for women who are pregnant for example: should not eat foods that are fresh bloody; not allowed to eat the flesh of oxen or pigs; Do not see blood or injured person; should not look at the person who died; encouraged to stay home with the baby's birth purification ceremony that will run normally.
The father of the baby should be able to attend the birth of the baby and accompany his wife. When the baby is born, first, when the baby is born, the father was the one who had to cut the umbilical cord using a bamboo knife. Placenta was then stored and later must be looped around the neck of the baby. On day 21 after birth, the baby will be dressed in garments, such as; bracelets of silver or gold in accordance with the existing capabilities and custom.
Mepandes (ceremony Cut Dental). The ceremony in the transition from children towards adults run by the people of Bali is a tooth filing ceremony or mepandes, namely filing and leveling tooth-shaped upper canines. The goal is to reduce the evil nature or bad (sad Ripu). Mepandes implemented by a sangging as direct implementers accompanied by a Pandita (Pinandita).
Pawiwahan (marriage ceremony). Other transition ceremony is a wedding or Pawiwahan. Pawiwahan for Bali is the testimony in front of Sang Hyang Widi and also to the public that the two people who are going to get married (the bride) have committed themselves as husband and wife.
In the implementation of this marriage, will first have been a good day, in accordance with its requirements, ala-Ayuning adults. The Balinese have their own way of calculating the day and date fits well with their pertanggalan, generally the day and a good time is calculated by an expert who understands timing in Bali dating system. Almost all people still know the Balinese calendar system because they are still in daily use Balinese calendar.
The place to perform marriages can be done at home the bride or worthy men in accordance with local customs law-village, kala, patra) -which implementation is led by a Pastor (Pinandita), Wasi and or Stakeholder.
Cremation (ceremony of Death). Cremation is a funeral ceremony in the community of Bali which is done by cremation. Cremation is a series of wheel end human life on Earth. According to Hinduism, the spirit is immortal (perpetual), after residing in the human body, when the man was pronounced dead, the spirit will be reincarnated. But first, the spirit will first pass through a phase in nirvana to be purified; according to the record of life here on earth (karma). Cremation is the process of purification of the spirit of the sins of the past.
Therefore, the Balinese do not consider death as the end of everything, death is part of a new phase of life. As stated in the Bhagavadgita, "the end of keidupan is death and death is the beginning of life".
Arts and crafts
Music, dance, and sculpture are three areas of concentration of the arts at the center of artistic creativity exploration community. Bali is the birthplace of one of the amazing variety of gamelan. In the culture of Bali, gamelan is very important for the social-cultural activities, and religious. Currently there are at least 20 different ensembles jeneis in Bali. Most closely related to the performing arts; the other to accompany religious ceremonies and customs.
Balinese gamelan buzzing sound in the entire island of Bali; in the temple, in towns, villages, squares, markets, castles up to the world stage platforms. Gamelan accompanied by other instruments such as gongs, c saron, eng-bell, xylophone, etc. The composition of gamelan instruments can be changed according to region and type of show-performances were held.
In addition to music, Balinese dances are art performances attract attention. Balinese dance is not always have the groove. The main purpose is to conduct every stage dancers move with full expression. Beauty mainly lies in the visual effects and motion Noetic kinesthetic and stylized. Some of the best examples of Noetic or abstract dance is Pendet, Gabor Dance, Line Dance, Dance Trance and Dance Legong.
In Bali there are many different types of dances with different functions such as for religious ceremonies, welcoming guests, drama or musical performances, and much more. Pendet, Gabor, Line, and Sanghyang plays an important role in religious activities and classified sacred dances (guardian) or a dance ceremony, while Legong danced in the event that does not have to do with religion. These dances are accompanied by gamelan gong pelog-kebyar- with different composition and arrangement of you.
Pendet and Dance Gabor is a welcome dance, an expression of joy, happiness, and gratitude through the beautiful and gentle motion. This dance is performed by a pair or a group of dancers. Paa past, both Brazilians dance this dance that was held at the temple to welcome and worship the gods who dwell in the temple during the ceremony temple ceremony.
Legong is often regarded as a symbol of the beauty of Bali. Characteristic of this dance are the dancers bring a fan. Legongi dance beauty lies in the harmonious relationship between dancers and musicians.
Gamelan accompany Legong Gamelan Semar is Pagulingan. Some play is commonly performed in Legong rooted in folklore milsanya Malat story that delves into King Lasem, Kuntir story that delves Jobog Vali and Sugriva, the story of Brahma Vishnu when looking for a tip and base Lingganya Shiva, and so forth.
In addition Pendet dance, Gabor Dance, Line Dance, Dance Trance and Legong Dance, dance Equally famous is the Kecak dance, dance also Jauk.
Answers and Challenges
Richness and beauty of Balinese culture, has inherited quite well and preserved by future generations. It is of course a great answer for other regions in Indonesia. Synergize modern life without setting aside local knowledge into the national identity.
Other things that can be the answer of Bali is their vision that inspires every soul to love and glorify their own culture without shame. Bali human creativity in areas such as: engineering sculpture, dance, architecture, music and a variety of other artistic expression, with the confidence they show before the world.
Despite promising tourism as an economic driver, but in recent decades has been slowly but surely cause some problems, especially in the form of environmental degradation, erosion of tradition, inflation, and an increase in crime. Bali even become a gateway for things that are "dangerous". It is a challenge bali, both now and in the future.